Experimental study on improvement of blood supply timeliness of rabbits with vertebral artery type of cervical spondylosis by massage / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Establishing a rabbit model of vertebral artery type of cervical spondylosis(CSA) and to observe the characteristics of timeliness in improving the blood flow of vertebral artery by massage, and discusse the material basis of this timeliness based on NPY and ET-1.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty New Zealand healthy and white rabbits, 6-month-old, the body mass of (2.0±0.5) kg, with half males and half females, were randomly divided into blank group, model group, three massage groups(including massage for 10 min, 20 min, and 30 min group by random number table), 10 rabbits in each group. In addition to the blank group, CSA rabbit model was made by injection of sclerosing agent in other groups. The rabbits of massage for 10 min, 20 min, and 30 min groups received the massage therapy of corresponding duration, one times a day, continuous 10 days. The blood flow of vertebral artery in each group was detected by PeriFlux5000 laser doppler, and the contents of NPY and ET-1 in serum were detected by ELISA before and after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Changes in blood flow of vertebral artery before and after treatment:there was no significant difference between model group and massage for 10 min group;there was significant difference between model group and massage for 20, 30 min groups(<0.01); there was significant difference between massage for 10 min group and massage for 20, 30 min groups(<0.01); there was no significant difference between massage for 20 min group and massage for 30 min group. Changes of NPY content before and after treatment: there was significant difference between model group and massage for 10 min group(<0.05); there was significant difference between model group and massage for 20, 30 min groups(<0.01); there was significant difference between massage for 10 min group and massage for 20, 30 min groups(<0.01); there was no significant difference between massage for 20 min group and massage for 30 min group. Changes of ET-1 content before and after treatment:there was no significant difference between model group and massage for 10 min group;there was significant difference between model group and massage for 20, 30 min groups(<0.01); there was significant difference between massage for 10 min group and massage for 20 min, 30 groups (<0.01); there was no significant difference between massage for 20 min group and massage for 30 min group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Massage needed 20 min for rabbits with CSA can only significantly improve the blood flow of vertebral artery. However, prolonging the time of massage has no obvious effect. The material basis of this timeliness characteristic of massage is closely related to the change of NPY and ET-1 levels in serum.</p>

Shapes of posterior sclera and macular in high myopia / 眼科新进展

Objective To observe the types of posterior sclera shape (PSS) and macular shape (MS) in high myopia (HM) and its distributions in the pure HM and pathologic myopia (PM).Methods Together 90 patients with high myopia (163 eyes) in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University were included in this study.The medical records from deep range imaging optical coherent tomography (DRIOCT) Atlantis and fundus photography examination were used to analyze the types and distributions of PSS and MS.Then all eyes were grouped into the pure HM group and MP group according to META-PM classification standard for comparing and analyzing the types and distributions of PSS and MS.Results Of all 90 patients (163 eyes),The type Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,ⅨX and Ⅶ PSS was in 44 eyes (27.0％),85 eyes (52.1％),15 eyes (9.2％),15 eyes (9.2％),4 eyes (2.5％),respectively.The type Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ horizontal MS was in 31 eyes (20.3％),23 eyes (15.0％),87 eyes (56.9％),12 eyes (7.8％),respectively.The type Ⅰ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ vertical MS was in 104 eyes (69.8％),28 eyes (18.8％) and 17 eyes (11.4％),respectively.As for horizontal MS combined with vertical MS,type Ⅲ + Ⅰ was in 62 eyes (38.8％),type Ⅰ + Ⅰ in 26 eyes (16.3％),type Ⅲ + Ⅲ in 22 eyes (13.8％),type Ⅱ + Ⅰ in 20 eyes (12.5％),and type Ⅳ + Ⅳ in 10 eyes(6.3％);the others 7 types were in 20 eyes (12.5％).There were statistically significant differences in distribution of PPS and horizontal MS between the pure HM and MP group (x2 =12.67,47.60;P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Patients with pure high myopia has mainly type Ⅰ,Ⅱ PPS,and type Ⅲ horizontal MS together with type Ⅰ vertical MS plus type Ⅲ + Ⅰ horizontal combined with vertical MS,while type]X PSS and type Ⅳ horizontal MS were commonly seen in PM.

Mechanisms of Apoptosis Induced by FTY720 in Multiple Myeloma Cell Line U266 / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of FTY720 on apoptosis in multiple myeloma cell line U266 and to clarify the molecular mechanism of apoptosis induced by FTY720.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>U266 cells were treated with 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 µmol/L of FTY720 for 24 hours, the apoptotic rates were tested by flow cytometry with Annexin-V-FITC/PI staining. Then U266 cells were treated with 20 µmol/L FTY720 for 0, 6, 16 and 24 hours, the apoptotic rates were tested. U266 cells were treated with DMSO and FTY720 separately and then were stained with DAPI for 5 min. Drop the cells to the slides and cover the slide with the glass. The cells were observed by fluorescence microscopy. U266 cells were treated with 5 µmol/L FTY720 or together with different doses of Z-VAD-fmk (12.5, 25, 50 µmol/L), a pancaspase inhibitor, for 24 hours, then the cell viability was tested by CCK-8. U266 cells were treated with 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 µmol/L of FTY720 for 24 hours, the expression of cleaved caspase-3 was tested by Western blot. U266 cells were treated with 0, 5, 10 and 20 µmol/L of FTY720 for 24 hours, the expressions of MCL-1, survivin, BCL-2, BID, BAX, BAK, P-ERK were tested by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The apoptotic rate increased in U266 cells treated with FTY720 and showed the characteristic of time-dependent and dose-dependent manner. Karyopyknosis and nuclearfragmentation could be observed in U266 cells treated with FTY720 after being stained with DAPI under fluorescent microscope. The same effect was not observed in the cells treated with DMSO. Z-VAD-fmk could rescue the apoptosis in U266 cells treated with FTY720 in dose-dependent manner. The expression of MCL-1, survivin and BCL-2 decreased in U266 cells treated with FTY720. The cleavage of BID could be observed in U266 cells treated with FTY720. FTY720 had no effect on the expression of BAX, BAK and P-ERK.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>FTY720 can induce the apoptosis in U266 cells, the apoptosis was Caspase-3-depended. The apoptosis induced by FTY720 is due to the decrease of MCL-1, survivin and BCL-2, which are the inhibitors of apoptosis. Meanwhile, the apoptosis was also due to the activation of BID, which is pro-apoptotic protein.</p>

Observation of long-term efficacy and life quality in allergic rhinitis treated with acupoint catgut embedding therapy combined with acupuncture-moxibustion therapy / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the impacts of acupoint catgut embedding therapy and acupuncture-moxibustion therapy on the long-term efficacy and patient's life quality in the treatment of allergic rhinitis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-nine patients were randomized into the combined acupuncture-moxibustion and acupoint catgut embedding therapy group (combined therapy group, 36 cases) and an acupuncture-moxibustion group (33 cases). In the acupuncture-moxibustion group, acupuncture was applied at Yingxiang (LI 20), Shangyingxiang (EX-HN 8), Yintang (GV 29), Shangxing (GV 23), Tongtian (BL 7) and Zusanli (ST 36). Moxibustion was applied at Zusanli (ST 36), Feishu (BL 13), Dazhui (GV 14) and Fengmen (BL 12). In the combined therapy group, on the basis of the treatment as acupuncture-moxibustion group, the catgut embedding therapy was applied at Feishu (BL 13), Fengmen (BL 12), Pishu (BL 20), Shenshu (BL 23), Zhongwan (CV 12) and Qihai (CV 6). The treatment duration was 4 weeks in the two groups. The clinical efficacy of allergic rhinitis and rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire (RQLQ) score were observed before and after treatment as well as in the 4-weeks follow-up after the end of treatment respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The markedly effective rate was 72.7% (24/33) in the combined therapy group and 48.4% (15/31) in the acupuncture-moxibustion group after treatment. The efficacy was similar between the two groups (P > 0.05). It was 57.6% (19/33) in the combined therapy group and was 22. 6% (7/31) in the 4-week follow-up after treatment, indicating the long-term efficacy in the combined therapy group was superior to that in the acupuncture-moxibustion group (P<0. 05). Scores of RQLO after treatment and in 4-week follow-up after treatment in both groups were improved as compared with those before treatment (all P < 0.05). In 4-week follow-up, the improvements in sleep and affection in the combined therapy group were superior to the acupuncture-moxibustion group (3.27 +/- 3.23 vs 4.61 +/- 3.56, 3.48 +/- 3.67 vs 5.81 +/- 4.15, both P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The acupoint catgut embedding therapy combined with acupuncture-moxibustion therapy are safe and effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and display the more roles in the long-term efficacy.</p>

Diagnosis of spine and spinal cord deformity in children with MRI / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To discuss the magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) characteristics of spine and spinal cord deformity in children.Methods Thirty-three children with spine and spinal cord deformity underwent MRI examination from Jan.2010 to Dec.2012.The technique was to obtain spin echo(SE) sagittal T1WI and fast spin echo(FSE) T2WI as well as axial FSE T2WI.Coronal FSE T2WI was added when necessary.Results There were 17 cases with spine deformity,accounting for 51.5％ of all patients,12 cases with both spine and spinal cord deformity,accounting for 36.4％ of all patients,4 cases with sacral canal cyst,accounting for 12.1％ of all patients.There were 4 cases of scoliosis,22 cases of scoliosis accompanying vertebral or spinal cord deformity,2 cases of atlas assimilation and basilar impression,1 case of bifid spine of the sacrum.Conclusions There are a great variety of paediatric spine and spinal cord deformities,and they always coexist.MRI can supply accurate diagnosis and useful information for clinic.

Factors related to HIV-associated lipodystrophy among patients on antiretroviral therapy / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To describe the distribution and related risk factors of lipodystrophy (LD) among AIDS patients treated with antiretroviral drugs.Methods A cross-sectional study was performed on 261 AIDS patients treated with antiretroviral drugs.All the subjects were followed in the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of two counties in northern Anhui province from May 25 to 30,2012.Data related to demography,physical examination,history of antiretroviral treatment,HIV plasma viral load,and CD4 +T cell count were collected.Clinical examination was based on an assessment of changes in face,legs,arms,buttocks (peripheral sites),back,chest,neck or abdomen or change in waist size (central sites) as quoted by the clinicians.Results LD was observed in 147 (56.3％) patients.The differences of age,gender,quality of sleep,weight and time of treatment between LD and non-lipodystrophy (NLD) groups were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Results from the Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of women suffering from LD was 1.894 times ofthd males (95％CI:1.075-3.338).The risk of those with LD showed an 1.448-fold increase regarding the time of treatment for each additional year (95％CI:1.267-1.654).Patients with poor quality of sleep were prone to LD with 11.901 times more than those with good quality of sleep (95％CI:2.701-52.441).Conclusion LD was commonly observed in AIDS patients who were under antiretroviral therapy.Gender,tine of treatment and the quality of sleep appeared the main factors related to the results of observation.

Mechanisms of ROS in U266 cell death induced by FTY720 / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was purpose to investigate the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in apoptosis and autophagy induced by FTY720 in multiple myeloma cell line U266. U266 cells were treated by different concentrations of FTY720 for 24 h, the apoptotic rates were detected by flow cytometry, and the expression of LC3B was detected by Western blot. The results indicated that apoptosis and autophagy were induced by FTY720 in U266 cells. Autophagy induced by FTY720 could lead to cell death. Bafilomycin A1, the inhibitor of autophagy, could enhance the cell viability in U266 cells treated with FTY720. NAC or Tiron, ROS scavenger, could decrease the FTY720 induced apoptosis and the expression of LC3B-II was reduced in combination of FTY720 with NAC or Tiron as compared with treatment with FTY720 only. It is concluded that FTY720 can induce U266 cell apoptosis and autophagy. ROS is the mediator that regulates both the apoptosis and autophagy in multiple myeloma cells.

Analysis of adverse reactions induced by subcutaneous immunotherapy against dust mite allergy in 234 cases with allergic rhinitis and asthma / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the incidence of local reactions (LRs) and systemic reactions (SRs) of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) and to analyze the potential risk factors of such reactions in Chinese population.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>This is a retrospective study on 234 dust mite sensitized patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma who received allergen immunotherapy in our hospital from 2003 to 2010. Chart review was conducted to capture clinical data of reactions to immunotherapy. Parameters included signs and symptoms, the onset of reaction, and interventions in treating such reactions, particularly, the administration of epinephrine (EPI) and adjustment of vaccine dosage due to LRs and SRs.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The 234 patients received a total of 7679 injections. Among them, 4973 LRs (64.8%) and 235 SRs (3.1%) were observed in 67 patients (28.6% of all patients). SRs included respiratory symptoms (205 events, 88.4%) and cutaneous symptoms (31.5%). Of the total of 235 SR events, 212 (90.2%) were presented as mild SRs and 23 (9.8%) were in severe SR category (grade III and grade IV, EAACI grading system). Overall, severe SRs accounted for 0.3% of total injections. Seventeen of the 23 SR events required epinephrine treatment (0.2% of total injections). Of the 67 patients, 61 completed the course of treatment after dose adjustment; 36 patients had their doses decreased prior to further advancing to target dose. Nineteen subjects tolerated splitting two injections at 30 minutes interval. Six patients advanced the dose based on protocol and another 6 had to stop immunotherapy. Most of the SRs (77.4%) occurred during the maintenance phase of immunotherapy. The levels of TIgE, SIgE D1 and SIgE D2 were found to be significantly higher in patients with SRs comparing to patients without SRs (P < 0.05). SRs more commonly occurred in patients with age less than 14 years than their older counterparts (95.5% vs. 85.6%, OR = 3.58, 95%CI = 1.040 - 12.322, P < 0.01). The incidence of SRs were significantly higher in asthma patients who received SCIT than non-asthma patients (OR = 2, 95%CI = 1.136 - 4.624).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our study suggests that risk factors of SRs include maintenance phase (higher allergen vaccine doses), patients with asthma, age of less than 14 years, higher levels of TIgE, and SIgE D1 and SIgE D2. Effective management includes proper dose adjustment, splitting doses into 2 injections at 30 min apart, and strictly following immunotherapy indications.</p>

Study on mechanism of bortezomib inducing peripheral neuropathy and the reversing effect of reduced glutathione / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the mechanism of bortezomib inducing peripheral neuropathy and the reversing affection of reduced glutathione.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Female Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups. Group 1, treatment with bortezomib; Group 2, treatment with bortezomib and reduced glutathione; Group 3, saline control group. Drugs were administrated on the 1st, 4th, 7th and 11th day for the three groups. The amorphous of sciatic nerve and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) were observed by electron microscope on 14th and 42nd day. On 14th day, laser confocal microscopy was used to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS) of DRG neuron obtained from the rats by treated with DCFH-DA after primary culture.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>On 14th day, morphology of sciatic nerve and DRG changed in both group 1 and 2. On 42nd day, the amorphous became normally in group 1. On 14th day, ROS releasing from DRG neuron was increased obviously in group 1 (P < 0.01), while decreased in both group 2 and 3, and the difference between the latter two groups had no statistical significance (P = 0.210).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Releasing ROS to injure mitochondrion and endoplasmic reticulum maybe involved in bortezomib induced peripheral neuropathy. Although reduced glutathione can inhibit ROS release, it has no obviously reversal effect for peripheral neuropathy.</p>

Comparison of rabbit retinal fixation techniques: chemical fixation and microwave irradiation / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background Conventional chemical method to fix the entire eyeball results in the edema of retinal nerve fiber layer and therefore influent the evaluation of tissue structure.Research showed that microwave irradiation can avoid this phenomenon. Objective This study was to investigate the appropriate energy and time duration of microwave irradiation for fixation of rabbit eyes specimen and compare the influence of different fixation methods on retinal structure. Methods Twenty-two New Zealand white rabbits were sacrificed by using venous air embolism.The eyeballs were enucleated from the rabbits and immersed in chemical reagents with glacial acetic acid,methyl aldehyde and chloroform for 2 days as the control group.The eyeballs were immersed in 400 ml physiological balance solution immediately,and then were fixed by microwave irradiation for 80,160,240 and 320 seconds under the lower power as the microwave irradiation groups.In the microwave irradiation+chemical fixation group,the specimens were immersed in chemical reagents for 1-2 hours after the microwave radiation.The morphology of retinal structure was examined and area of retinal detachment was calculated by hemotoxylin and eosin staining under the light microscope. Results A better fixation effect was obtained in the retinal section of microwave radiation for 240 seconds in comparison with that of the traditional chemical reagent fixation method for 2 days.The retina detachment ratio was 16.3%±11.5% for simple microwave method,50.0%±24.5% for chemical method,and 6.7%±7.8% for microwave+chemical method.showing a significant difference among 3 groups(F=32.43,P=0.000).Retinal staining was clear and retinal structure was almost normal in the specimens of microwave+chemical fixation group with 200-240 seeonds microwave irradiation and 1-2 hours chemical fixation. Conclusion Microwave irradiation method is a more ideal way for the fixation of retina because of taking short duration,lower toxicity and better staining.The combination of microwave radiation and chemical reagents can acquire an excellent quality of retinal section.

Clinical application of the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunt in the emergency treatment of esophagogastric varices bleeding due to cirrhosis / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunt (TIPS) in emergency treatment of esophagogastric varices bleeding for the cirrhosis patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>39 cases with esophageal and gastric varices bleeding due to liver cirrhosis received TIPS and were followed-up for 1 to 12 months, the short-term effects including 24 hours haemostasis rates post TIPS, pressure gradient between portal vein and systemic circulation, average pressure of portal vein were observed. The levels of albumin, cholinesterase, total bilirubin and prothrombin time post TIPS were also evaluated were observed and evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>37 cases received TIPS successfully among the 39 patients, with a total effective rate of 94.87% (37/39) and the rate of hemostasis in 24 hours was 100%. PSG dropped from (30.44+/-7.68) cm H2O to (18.78+/-4.71) cm H2O, mean portal pressure declined from (38.22+/-7.40) cm H2O to (27.00+/-5.38) cm H2O (P is less than 0.01). No significant differences existed at the level of albumin(A) and cholinesterase (CHE) before and after operation (P is more than 0.05). The relapse rate of frame stenosis was 5.71% (2/35). The incidence rate of hepatic encephalopathy was 13.51% (5/37). The relapse rate of rehaemorrhagia was 2.86% (1/35). The incidence rate of hepatic failure was 2.70% (1/37). The death rate was 5.71% (2/35).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The effect of TIPS in treating portal hypertension caused by liver cirrhosis is prominent and safe, and is worthy of clinical application.</p>

The study of FTY720 on inducing apoptosis and autophagy in multiple myeloma cell line U266 / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of FTY720, a new immunosuppressive agent, on apoptosis and autophagy in multiple myeloma(MM) cell line U266 and to clarify its molecular mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>U266 cells were treated with 0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 µmol/L FTY720 for 24 hours, and the cell viability was assayed by CCK-8 method. Then U266 cells were treated with 20.0 µmol/L FTY720 for 0, 2, 6 and 24 hours, the cell viability was tested. The apoptotic rates induced by different doses and time points of FTY720 were tested by flow cytometry separately. The expression of LC3B was detected by Western blot after U266 cells treated with different doses of FTY720 to see autophagy. U266 cells were treated with FTY720 ± Bafilomycin A1, an inhibitor of autophagy, for 24 hours, then the cell viability and apoptotic rates were tested. Meanwhile the expression of survivin, anti-apoptotic factors, were tested by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The cell viability and the apoptotic rates were inhibited significantly by FTY720 (P < 0.05) in time-dependent and dose-dependent manner. The expression of LC3B-II increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner, it indicated that the autophagy was induced by FTY720. Bafilomycin A1 could rescue the cell viability and apoptotic rates in U266 cells treated with FTY720, and it could also rescue the expression of survivin decreased by FTY720.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>FTY720 can cause apoptosis and autophagy of U266 cells. The autophagy promote the apoptosis, which maybe due to the degradation of anti-apoptotic factors such as survivin or their upstream factors in lysosomes through autophagy.</p>

Effect of bortezomib on MAPK signaling pathway of K562/DNR cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

The study was aimed to investigate the effects of bortezomib (BTZ) on the expression of ERK, JNK and P38 in daunorubicin (DNR)-resistant K562 cells (K562/DNR) and to clarify the molecular mechanism of BTZ in reversing the drug-resistance in leukemic cells. The K562/DNR cells and the cellular toxicity of BTZ was determined by MTT, then 4 µg/L of BTZ was chosen to do the experiment. The expression of ERK, JNK, p38 and P-gp of K562/DNR cells treated with DNR only or DNR combined with BTZ for 12, 24 and 36 hours was detected by Western blot. The apoptosis rate in each group was assayed by flow cytometry. The results showed that as compared with DNR group, the expression of P-ERK, P-P38 and P-gp was significantly suppressed (p < 0.05) and the expression of P-JNK was significantly enhanced (p < 0.05) in the cells treated with DNR combined with BTZ. There was no change in the expression of total ERK, P38 and JNK. The effect increased with the prolonging of time. Meanwhile, the apoptosis rate in cells treated with DNR combined with BTZ increased compared with DNR only. It is concluded that the BTZ can reverse the drug resistance in K562/DNR cells by MAPK signaling pathway and increase the apoptosis of leukemic cells. The effect shows the characteristics of time-dependent manner.

Effect of bortezomib on sensitization of HL-60 cells to TRAIL / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to explore whether bortezomib can sensitize HL-60 cells to TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and to investigate its possible mechanism. The HL-60 cells were treated by different concentrations of TRAIL combined with subtoxic concentration of bortezomib. The proliferative inhibition of treated HL-60 cell was analysed by MTT assay. The cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry with Annexin V/PI double staining and the expression of caspase-8 was detected by Western blot. The results showed that the subtoxic concentration of bortezomib combined with 10 ng/ml of TRAIL enhanced apoptosis of HL-60 cells, as compared with TRAIL used alone; the expression of caspase-8 increased correspondingly. It is concluded that subtoxic concentration of bortezomib can sensitize HL-60 cells to TRAIL and its mechanism may be related to upregulation of caspase-8 expression.

Clinical efficacy of a standardized specific immunotherapy against house dust mite in 85 asthmatic children / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The scientific basis and the clinical effectiveness of allergen specific immunotherapy (SIT) administered by subcutaneous injection are well established. This study aimed to observe the changes in amount of inhaled corticosteroids, total IgE, specific IgE, peak expiratory flow rate (PEF), etc. during a standardized SIT against house dust mite in allergic asthmatic children.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Children (5 - 13 years old) with mild to moderate allergic asthma seen from February 2005 to June 2008 were enrolled into this study. A non- randomized retrospective study was performed. All children were diagnosed sensitive to dust mites, the treatment group accepted standardized dust mite allergen specific immunotherapy. Each fourth injections were defined as observation points, the study took 3.4 years. The investigators recorded the treatment, the cumulative allergen extract, changes of daily doses of inhaled corticosteroid, peak expiratory flow (PEF), total IgE (TIgE), specific IgE (SIgE). The control group only received inhaled corticosteroids. The daily doses of inhaled corticosteroid and the number of asthma attacks, and the control rate were compared between the 2 groups.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Totally 85 children were treated with SIT [(7.6 ± 1.4) years], 45 males and 40 females; 50 children received only drug treatment [(7.7 ± 1.5) years], 28 males and 22 females. The cumulative dose of allergen was up to (69.7 ± 4.8) µg after the 20 times injection, the dose of inhaled corticosteroids was significantly less than that in the control group (t = 2.359, P < 0.05). PEF was significantly higher than that of pre-treatment level (F = 7.874, P < 0.05). TIgE and SIgE had no significant change (t = 0.313, P > 0.05, t(Derp) = 0.517, t(Derf) = 0.717, P > 0.05). After the treatment, the control rate of the SIT group was 85.5%, that of the control group was 62.0% (χ(2) = 10.150, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The standardized SIT against house dust mite could reduce steroid use in mild to moderate allergic asthmatic children. After (38.7 ± 2.3) weeks, the cumulative dose of allergen was up to (69.7 ± 4.8) µg, inhaled corticosteroid was significantly reduced. At the end of SIT, 85% of patients obtained complete control of asthma. Total IgE and mite-specific IgE had no significant changes.</p>

Effects of Bufalin on SYK and CBL family proteins in induction of HL-60 cell apoptosis / 中国实验血液学杂志

The study was aimed to explore the mechanism of SYK and CBL family of ubiquitin ligases in Bufalin-induced HL-60 cells apoptosis. Cell viability was tested by trypan blue staining and apoptosis was detected by using flow cytometry. The expressions of CBL and CBL-b and the phosphorylation of SYK were detected by using immunoprecipitation and Western blot. The results showed that Bufalin inhibited HL-60 cell proliferation in time- and dose-dependent manners. IC(50) of suppressing cell viability at 24, 48 and 72 hours were about 26.3, 7.8 and 2.0 nmol/L respectively. The high dose of bufalin already induced apoptosis of HL-60 cells at 8 hours. SYK was quickly phosphorylated, and the expressions of CBL and CBL-b were down-regulated after treatment with Bufalin. It is concluded that SYK activation and CBL protein down-regulation may be involved in Bufalin-induced HL-60 cell apoptosis.

Results of skin prick test in 908 children with asthma / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To report the results of skin prick test in 908 children with asthma in order to provide references for treatment of asthma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Skin prick test was performed using ALK-Abell's inhaled prick reagents and the German Merck company's food prick reagents. Histamine was used for positive control, and normal saline, for negative control.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Skin prick test showed positive in 703 cases (77.4%). The positive rates of inhaled and food allergens were 76.9% and 37.1%, respectively. Dermatophagoides culinae and house dust mite were two common inhaled allergens (72.4% and 74.7% respectively). Shrimp was the most common food allergen (22.9%), followed by tuna (7.3%) and mussels (6.7%). The strongest response of skin prick test was usually caused by dermatophagoides culinae (64.0%) and house dust mite (66.4%), followed by mould 1 (7.1%). The positive rate of inhaled and food allergens increased with increasing age (p<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The positive rate of skin prick test in the 908 children with asthma was higher. These results of this study may be useful in an epidemiological survey and specific immunotherapy of asthma.</p>

Evaluation on the effects of education regarding road safety among middle school students / 中华流行病学杂志

Objectlve To evaluate the intervention effects for road traffic accident prevention among middle school students through understanding their knowledge,attitude and practice (KAP) on road safety.Methods Students in Grade 1 and Grade 2 from 7 junior and senior middle schools in Ji’nan city were selected as intervention group and students from a middle school in Hefei city served as control group.Education was provided to the intervention group and all the middle school students in Ji’nan city.Changes of KAP on road safety were measured for both groups during the follow—up period,and comparison on KAP for the two groups Was carried staffstically. Results The mean scores of road safety knowledge for intervention group improved significantly during the follow-up period(from 0.9-3.8),while these indices did not change much in the control group(from 0—0.2).Negative attitude on road safety was found in both groups,but less in the intervention group.More students started to admit that middle school students themselves should be responsible for most of the RTAs.Per week frequency of violating traffic rules did not improve,however during the follow-up period on both groups as still 75％ to 80％ of the students violating the traffic rules less than 2 times per week.Although three kinds and one kind of iraffic rules violation seemed to have improved in the intervention group and in the control group,there were still two and three other kinds tumed worse in the intervention and in the control group,respectively.Conclusion Program on road safety education significantly improved the relative knowledge for middle school student and it exerted positive effeets in road safety attitude to some extent.However,no significant effect was found in the improvement on their behavior.Education on road safety should be carried out in the early stage of childhood with newer and more effective intervention approaches.

Experimental study on expanded polytetrafluoroethylene as wound covering / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the feasibility of a polymer material-expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) as wound covering.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-five Sprague Dawley (SD) rats inflicted with open wound on the back were divided into 3 groups, each group 15 rats. Wounds in the autograft group were covered with autologous skin. Wounds in the allograft group were covered with skin from 15 Wistar rats (donor). Wounds in the experiment group were covered with ePTFE. Wound healing in each group was observed with naked eye. Tissue specimens collected on 3rd, 7th, and 14th post-operative day (POD) respectively were stained with HE and examined under light microscope. Macrophages, lymphocytes and fibroblasts were quantified. IL-2 and IFN-gamma levels in the infiltrating mononuclear cells were assessed by immunohistochemistry with expression of gray value.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Wounds in rats of autograft group and experiment group healed well without redness, swelling or infection. Rejection was evident in the allograft group rats on 8th POD, including epidermis degeneration and focal necrosis in different degree, plus red swelling on wound edge. The numbers of macrophages, fibroblasts, lymphocytes in allograft group were significantly higher than those in autograft group and experiment group (P < 0.01). The average gray values of IL-2 and IFN-gamma of allograft group on 7th POD were 129 +/- 7 and 113.7 +/- 2.7, which were significantly lower than those in the experiment group (144 +/- 8, 137.3 +/- 1.9, respectively, P < 0.01) and allograft group (189 +/- 6, 180.3 +/- 3.7, respectively, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>ePTFE will induce minimal inflammatory response and foreign body reaction. It is unlikely to cause side effect when applied to wound surface for a prolonged period. Thus, it is suitable to use ePTFE as wound surface covering.</p>

Risk factors on road traffic accidents in middle school students:a matched case-control study / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the predietors of road traffic accidents(RTAs)in middle school students.a ease-control study WaS designed to seek new clues for prevention and control on RTAs in this population.Methods Cases were 116 students who experienced RTAs from 2005/01/01 to 2005/12/31.116 students were.served as controls who were from the same clams of the cases and matched by age and sex.Information on personal behavior,family conditions,and knowledge,attitude,practice(KAB)on road traffic of these children were collected and compared.Conditionallogistic regressions were conducted to analyze the relationship between these factors and RTAs.Results Compared to the controls.the cases showed more negative attitude and risk-taking-behaviors especially in riding bicycle.However,knowledge on road safety showed less significant differences between eaSe and control groups.The negative attitude and risk-taking-behaviors were independent risk factors for RTAs by logistic regression.In addition.distance from home to school that longer than 1000 m seemed a risk factors for RTAs.while high education levels among mothers WaS a protective factor.Conclusion Road safety attitude and behavior.distance from home to school were the main influenee factors for RTAs among middle school students.It seemed more important in improving the attitude and behavior on road safety than to enhance the knowledge for prevention and eontrol of RTAs among middle school students.